解决方法示例:
import threading
class Foo:
def __init__(self):
self.locks = (threading.Lock(), threading.Lock())
self.locks[0].acquire()
self.locks[1].acquire()
def first(self, printFirst):
printFirst()
self.locks[0].release()
def second(self, printSecond):
with self.locks[0]:
printSecond()
self.locks[1].release()
def third(self, printThird):
with self.locks[1]:
printThird()
# 示例调用代码:
foo = Foo()
t1 = threading.Thread(target=foo.first, args=(lambda: print("first"),))
t2 = threading.Thread(target=foo.second, args=(lambda: print("second"),))
t3 = threading.Thread(target=foo.third, args=(lambda: print("third"),))
t3.start()
t2.start()
t1.start()
t3.join()
t2.join()
t1.join()
import threading
class Foo:
def __init__(self):
self.cv = threading.Condition()
self.order = 1
def first(self, printFirst):
with self.cv:
printFirst()
self.order = 2
self.cv.notify_all()
def second(self, printSecond):
with self.cv:
while self.order != 2:
self.cv.wait()
printSecond()
self.order = 3
self.cv.notify_all()
def third(self, printThird):
with self.cv:
while self.order != 3:
self.cv.wait()
printThird()
# 示例调用代码:
foo = Foo()
t1 = threading.Thread(target=foo.first, args=(lambda: print("first"),))
t2 = threading.Thread(target=foo.second, args=(lambda: print("second"),))
t3 = threading.Thread(target=foo.third, args=(lambda: print("third"),))
t3.start()
t2.start()
t1.start()
t3.join()
t2.join()
t1.join()
以上两种方法都可以实现按顺序打印,其中使用同步锁机制的方法在初始化时先将两个锁都设置为不可用状态,然后在每个方法中通过with
语句来保证锁的互斥性和释放,每个方法在完成打印后释放相应的锁。
使用条件变量的方法中,通过Condition
类来创建一个条件变量,利用wait
和notify_all
方法来实现线程的等待和唤醒。在每个方法中,首先获取条件变量的锁,然后通过while
循环来判断是否满足打印的条件,如果不满足则调用wait
方法进行等待,直到满足条件后再进行打印并释放锁。
以上两种方法均可以实现多线程按顺序打印的效果。
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