消费者应该接收与生产者发送的消息类型相同的消息，在Spring Kafka中，需要通过设置消费者的反序列化器（Deserializer）与生产者保持一致。

示例代码：

@Configuration @EnableKafka public class KafkaConsumerConfig {

@Value("${spring.kafka.bootstrap-servers}")
private String bootstrapServers;

@Value("${spring.kafka.consumer.group-id}")
private String groupId;

@Bean
public ConsumerFactory consumerFactory() {
    Map props = new HashMap<>();
    props.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, bootstrapServers);
    props.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, groupId);
    props.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class);
    props.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, JsonDeserializer.class);
    return new DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory<>(props, new StringDeserializer(),
            new JsonDeserializer<>(User.class));
}

@Bean
public ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory kafkaListenerContainerFactory() {
    ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory factory =
            new ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<>();
    factory.setConsumerFactory(consumerFactory());
    return factory;
}

}

@Service public class KafkaConsumer {

@KafkaListener(topics = "user-topic", groupId = "user-group", containerFactory = "kafkaListenerContainerFactory")
public void consume(User user) {
    System.out.println("Received user from kafka: " + user);
}

}

在该示例代码中，我们定义了一个名为“user-topic”的Kafka主题，它的消息类型为“User”。通过在Consumer的@KafkaListener注释中指定“user-topic”作为主题，同时设置反序列化器为JsonDeserializer，可以确保消费者将接收到与生产者发送的相同类型的消息。