BestSum问题是一个经典的动态规划问题,它要求在给定的一组数中找到一个和为给定数的组合。为了解决这个问题,我们可以使用记忆化的方法来优化计算。
具体而言,我们可以定义一个HashMap来存储已经求解过的子问题,以避免重复计算。在每次递归调用时,我们可以首先检查该问题是否已经求解,如果是,则直接返回存储的结果。否则,我们执行原始递归函数,并将结果存储在HashMap中,以供以后使用。
以下是BestSum问题的Java代码示例,其中使用了记忆化:
import java.util.*;
public class BestSumMemoization {
    public static List bestSum(int targetSum, int[] numbers) {
        return bestSumHelper(targetSum, numbers, new HashMap>());
    }
    private static List bestSumHelper(int targetSum, int[] numbers, Map> memo) {
        if (memo.containsKey(targetSum)) {
            return memo.get(targetSum);
        }
        if (targetSum == 0) {
            return new ArrayList();
        }
        if (targetSum < 0) {
            return null;
        }
        List shortestCombination = null;
        for (int number : numbers) {
            int remainder = targetSum - number;
            List remainderCombination = bestSumHelper(remainder, numbers, memo);
            if (remainderCombination != null) {
                List combination = new ArrayList(remainderCombination);
                combination.add(number);
                if (shortestCombination == null || combination.size() < shortestCombination.size()) {
                    shortestCombination = combination;
                }
            }
        }
        memo.put(targetSum, shortestCombination);
        return shortestCombination;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr1 = {2, 3, 4};
        int[] arr2 = {2, 4};
        int[] arr3 = {7, 14};
        int[] arr4 = {25, 3, 4, 7};
        System.out.println(bestSum(7, arr1));   // [3, 2, 2]
        System.out.println(bestSum(7, arr2));   // [3, 2, 2]
        System.out.println(bestSum(300, arr3)); // null
        System.out.println(bestSum(100, arr4)); // [25, 25