在Python中，可以使用递归函数来遍历一个对象，获取键和所有父键。

下面是一个示例代码：

def get_keys(obj, parent_keys=[]):
    # 遍历字典类型的对象
    if isinstance(obj, dict):
        for key, value in obj.items():
            # 将当前键添加到父键列表中
            current_keys = parent_keys + [key]
            print("Key:", key)
            print("Parent Keys:", current_keys)
            # 递归调用，传入当前值和当前键列表
            get_keys(value, current_keys)
    
    # 遍历列表类型的对象
    elif isinstance(obj, list):
        for index, value in enumerate(obj):
            # 将当前索引添加到父键列表中
            current_keys = parent_keys + [index]
            print("Index:", index)
            print("Parent Keys:", current_keys)
            # 递归调用，传入当前值和当前键列表
            get_keys(value, current_keys)
    
    # 遍历其他类型的对象，例如字符串、数字等
    else:
        print("Value:", obj)
        print("Parent Keys:", parent_keys)

# 示例数据
data = {
    "name": "Alice",
    "age": 25,
    "address": {
        "street": "123 Main St",
        "city": "New York"
    },
    "hobbies": ["reading", "painting"]
}

# 调用函数进行遍历
get_keys(data)

输出结果：

Key: name
Parent Keys: ['name']
Value: Alice
Parent Keys: ['name']
Key: age
Parent Keys: ['age']
Value: 25
Parent Keys: ['age']
Key: address
Parent Keys: ['address']
Key: street
Parent Keys: ['address', 'street']
Value: 123 Main St
Parent Keys: ['address', 'street']
Key: city
Parent Keys: ['address', 'city']
Value: New York
Parent Keys: ['address', 'city']
Key: hobbies
Parent Keys: ['hobbies']
Index: 0
Parent Keys: ['hobbies', 0]
Value: reading
Parent Keys: ['hobbies', 0]
Index: 1
Parent Keys: ['hobbies', 1]
Value: painting
Parent Keys: ['hobbies', 1]