eg:

1 docker ps 查看正在运行的容器:

 通过docker ps命令
该命令主要是为了详细展示查看运行时的command参数
docker ps -a --no-trunc | grep container_name   # 通过docker --no-trunc参数来详细展示容器运行命令

通过docker inspect命令
使用docker inspect，但是docker inspect打印的是json文件，需要挑选字段查看，容器的参数信息都能从json文件中解析出来。
1，在容器外部，物理机上，可以用下面命令
docker inspect   # 可以是container_name或者container_id

eg:

[root@128 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                                  NAMES
547880f43cf1   mysql:8.0.31   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   15 minutes ago   Up 15 minutes   33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3301->3306/tcp, :::3301->3306/tcp   mysql-8.0.31
e02f22dc442c   mysql:5.7      "docker-entrypoint.s…"   25 hours ago     Up 18 minutes   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql
[root@128 ~]# docker ps -a --no-trunc | grep 547880f43cf1
547880f43cf176d2a826ae26f9f04bbe637ca56ec5d92df25a78d24ec23ed232   mysql:8.0.31          "docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld"                          15 minutes ago   Up 15 minutes                 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3301->3306/tcp, :::3301->3306/tcp   mysql-8.0.31
[root@128 ~]# docker inspect 547880f43cf1
[{"Id": "547880f43cf176d2a826ae26f9f04bbe637ca56ec5d92df25a78d24ec23ed232","Created": "2022-12-07T10:13:46.80942044Z","Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh","Args": ["mysqld"],"State": {"Status": "running","Running": true,"Paused": false,"Restarting": false,"OOMKilled": false,"Dead": false,"Pid": 5469,"ExitCode": 0,"Error": "","StartedAt": "2022-12-07T10:13:47.159621124Z","FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"},"Image": "sha256:a3a2968869cf080dbbd2adaac9e4075cc358b50a1451ff5e2b9ae90551a4735f","ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/547880f43cf176d2a826ae26f9f04bbe637ca56ec5d92df25a78d24ec23ed232/resolv.conf","HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/547880f43cf176d2a826ae26f9f04bbe637ca56ec5d92df25a78d24ec23ed232/hostname","HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/547880f43cf176d2a826ae26f9f04bbe637ca56ec5d92df25a78d24ec23ed232/hosts","LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/547880f43cf176d2a826ae26f9f04bbe637ca56ec5d92df25a78d24ec23ed232/547880f43cf176d2a826ae26f9f04bbe637ca56ec5d92df25a78d24ec23ed232-json.log","Name": "/mysql-8.0.31","RestartCount": 0,"Driver": "overlay2","Platform": "linux","MountLabel": "","ProcessLabel": "","AppArmorProfile": "","ExecIDs": null,"HostConfig": {"Binds": ["/mydata/mysql-8.0.31/log:/var/log/mysql","/mydata/mysql-8.0.31/data:/var/lib/mysql"],"ContainerIDFile": "","LogConfig": {"Type": "json-file","Config": {}},"NetworkMode": "default","PortBindings": {"3306/tcp": [{"HostIp": "","HostPort": "3301"}]},"RestartPolicy": {"Name": "no","MaximumRetryCount": 0},"AutoRemove": false,"VolumeDriver": "","VolumesFrom": null,"CapAdd": null,"CapDrop": null,"CgroupnsMode": "host","Dns": [],"DnsOptions": [],"DnsSearch": [],"ExtraHosts": null,"GroupAdd": null,"IpcMode": "private","Cgroup": "","Links": null,"OomScoreAdj": 0,"PidMode": "","Privileged": false,"PublishAllPorts": false,"ReadonlyRootfs": false,"SecurityOpt": null,"UTSMode": "","UsernsMode": "","ShmSize": 67108864,"Runtime": "runc","ConsoleSize": [0,0],"Isolation": "","CpuShares": 0,"Memory": 0,"NanoCpus": 0,"CgroupParent": "","BlkioWeight": 0,"BlkioWeightDevice": [],"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,"CpuPeriod": 0,"CpuQuota": 0,"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,"CpusetCpus": "","CpusetMems": "","Devices": [],"DeviceCgroupRules": null,"DeviceRequests": null,"KernelMemory": 0,"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,"MemoryReservation": 0,"MemorySwap": 0,"MemorySwappiness": null,"OomKillDisable": false,"PidsLimit": null,"Ulimits": null,"CpuCount": 0,"CpuPercent": 0,"IOMaximumIOps": 0,"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,"MaskedPaths": ["/proc/asound","/proc/acpi","/proc/kcore","/proc/keys","/proc/latency_stats","/proc/timer_list","/proc/timer_stats","/proc/sched_debug","/proc/scsi","/sys/firmware"],"ReadonlyPaths": ["/proc/bus","/proc/fs","/proc/irq","/proc/sys","/proc/sysrq-trigger"]},"GraphDriver": {"Data": {"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b4d5fed9eb97224cd6834e36509728032ceac386e863a483d7e2770f611eb8d1-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e6ce4810d05ed0bdca975287151d5edcb8f5b4e3472fba848ecbd0858a83c27d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0bd4abf22bc8fd1840c48d50034d525576608654eac3696820bdecca885869e1/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/aa9ffa3d8ca28910870afed61cbb7a8b5954b633b6c51ddec94b33f45fd7c69a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7832e98417573f093c97491e70941e1a09e9a6e4e49b4407644cc367fdbeb37e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/74b73e21fc743a650a4064f4e771fd65aca511cf433aee93cc6eef2f3a91d787/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0df122c8a1629d74c09d97e489932b0812da34d28734118287934acbf3e8e985/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6f48c0c0c5bb4f2d96900b9eb4d20409a066a9bf3c104171e5dd33f28dbe6301/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/37869951120d01076a5bc57e0c04c8f466a0b0b37e06357653b27b2fc9638a1d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c2414c698ebdc9f0bacedf53387c75aa6cb000720ff019d989e4daa9d9c0929f/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/099e69b07f239a7747f754a2598aec804655f5d6d7beb9ffb85932c490ec13d1/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9be3057383e74825462c49286ffa30853fb87f6d975ad40459e12972538ce21c/diff","MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b4d5fed9eb97224cd6834e36509728032ceac386e863a483d7e2770f611eb8d1/merged","UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b4d5fed9eb97224cd6834e36509728032ceac386e863a483d7e2770f611eb8d1/diff","WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b4d5fed9eb97224cd6834e36509728032ceac386e863a483d7e2770f611eb8d1/work"},"Name": "overlay2"},"Mounts": [{"Type": "bind","Source": "/mydata/mysql-8.0.31/log","Destination": "/var/log/mysql","Mode": "","RW": true,"Propagation": "rprivate"},{"Type": "bind","Source": "/mydata/mysql-8.0.31/data","Destination": "/var/lib/mysql","Mode": "","RW": true,"Propagation": "rprivate"}],"Config": {"Hostname": "547880f43cf1","Domainname": "","User": "","AttachStdin": false,"AttachStdout": false,"AttachStderr": false,"ExposedPorts": {"3306/tcp": {},"33060/tcp": {}},"Tty": false,"OpenStdin": false,"StdinOnce": false,"Env": ["MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456","PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin","GOSU_VERSION=1.14","MYSQL_MAJOR=8.0","MYSQL_VERSION=8.0.31-1.el8","MYSQL_SHELL_VERSION=8.0.31-1.el8"],"Cmd": ["mysqld"],"Image": "mysql:8.0.31","Volumes": {"/var/lib/mysql": {}},"WorkingDir": "","Entrypoint": ["docker-entrypoint.sh"],"OnBuild": null,"Labels": {}},"NetworkSettings": {"Bridge": "","SandboxID": "f82246141707b2ab4578ce193cdf42b9dd82fef9d8ca805c4b07b6af90867ffc","HairpinMode": false,"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "","LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"Ports": {"3306/tcp": [{"HostIp": "0.0.0.0","HostPort": "3301"},{"HostIp": "::","HostPort": "3301"}],"33060/tcp": null},"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/f82246141707","SecondaryIPAddresses": null,"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,"EndpointID": "386a6348d0fd2e9119e7d427ed2df21bf03f4a88c485b50cf142d6c0b0f08f83","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","Networks": {"bridge": {"IPAMConfig": null,"Links": null,"Aliases": null,"NetworkID": "65f89f72b915b6ae63526860f40f2e701bfcc1c689301d757230f7a522379d35","EndpointID": "386a6348d0fd2e9119e7d427ed2df21bf03f4a88c485b50cf142d6c0b0f08f83","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","IPAddress": "172.17.0.2","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","DriverOpts": null}}}}
]

如上所示，这个是我这547880f43cf1 容器的详细信息

然后可以定制化输出上面的信息：显示上面内容的某一部分信息

docker inspect --format='{{.NetworkSettings.Networks.bridge.IPAddress}}'       # format是go语言的template，还有其他的用法
docker inspect --format='{{.Mounts}}'    
docker inspect --format='{{.HostConfig.Binds}}' 
docker inspect --format='{{.HostConfig.PortBindings}}' 

eg: 还可以将上面的修改为别的内容，我这边关注file和port两个

[root@128 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                                  NAMES
547880f43cf1   mysql:8.0.31   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   18 minutes ago   Up 18 minutes   33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3301->3306/tcp, :::3301->3306/tcp   mysql-8.0.31
e02f22dc442c   mysql:5.7      "docker-entrypoint.s…"   25 hours ago     Up 22 minutes   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql
[root@128 ~]# docker inspect --format='{{.Mounts}}' 547880f43cf1
[{bind  /mydata/mysql-8.0.31/log /var/log/mysql   true rprivate} {bind  /mydata/mysql-8.0.31/data /var/lib/mysql   true rprivate}]
[root@128 ~]# docker inspect --format='{{.NetworkSettings.Networks.bridge.IPAddress}}' 547880f43cf1
172.17.0.2
[root@128 ~]# docker inspect --format='{{.HostConfig.Binds}}' 547880f43cf1
[/mydata/mysql-8.0.31/log:/var/log/mysql /mydata/mysql-8.0.31/data:/var/lib/mysql]
[root@128 ~]# docker inspect --format='{{.HostConfig.PortBindings}}' 547880f43cf1
map[3306/tcp:[{ 3301}]]
[root@128 ~]#