要实现不使用IFolderView::GetItemPosition获取shell文件夹列表视图项的位置，可以使用IFolderView2接口的GetItemObject方法来获取列表视图中指定项的IShellItem对象，然后使用IShellItemArray接口的IndexOf方法来获取该项在列表视图中的位置索引。

以下是一个示例代码：

#include 
#include 
#include 

int main()
{
    HRESULT hr;

    // 创建Shell对象
    hr = CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED | COINIT_DISABLE_OLE1DDE);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize COM" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 获取桌面文件夹的IShellFolder接口
    IShellFolder* pDesktopFolder;
    hr = SHGetDesktopFolder(&pDesktopFolder);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to get desktop folder" << std::endl;
        CoUninitialize();
        return -1;
    }

    // 获取桌面文件夹的IFolderView2接口
    IFolderView2* pDesktopView;
    hr = pDesktopFolder->CreateViewObject(NULL, IID_IFolderView2, (void**)&pDesktopView);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to get desktop view" << std::endl;
        pDesktopFolder->Release();
        CoUninitialize();
        return -1;
    }

    // 获取Shell文件夹列表视图中的项数量
    int itemCount;
    hr = pDesktopView->ItemCount(SVGIO_ALLVIEW, &itemCount);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to get item count" << std::endl;
        pDesktopView->Release();
        pDesktopFolder->Release();
        CoUninitialize();
        return -1;
    }

    // 遍历Shell文件夹列表视图中的每一项
    for (int i = 0; i < itemCount; i++)
    {
        // 获取指定位置的Shell项的IShellItem对象
        IShellItem* pItem;
        hr = pDesktopView->GetItemObject(SVGIO_ALLVIEW, IID_IShellItem, (void**)&pItem, i);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            std::cout << "Failed to get item at index " << i << std::endl;
            pDesktopView->Release();
            pDesktopFolder->Release();
            CoUninitialize();
            return -1;
        }

        // 使用IShellItemArray接口的IndexOf方法获取项在列表视图中的位置索引
        UINT itemIndex;
        IShellItemArray* pItemArray;
        hr = SHCreateShellItemArray(NULL, NULL, 1, &pItem, &pItemArray);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            std::cout << "Failed to create shell item array" << std::endl;
            pItem->Release();
            pDesktopView->Release();
            pDesktopFolder->Release();
            CoUninitialize();
            return -1;
        }

        hr = pItemArray->IndexOf(pItem, &itemIndex);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            std::cout << "Failed to get item index" << std::endl;
            pItemArray->Release();
            pItem->Release();
            pDesktopView->Release();
            pDesktopFolder->Release();
            CoUninitialize();
            return -1;
        }

        std::cout << "Item at index " << i << " is at position " << itemIndex << std::endl;

        pItemArray->Release();
        pItem->Release();
    }

    pDesktopView->Release();
    pDesktopFolder->Release();
    CoUninitialize();

    return 0;
}

这段代码首先使用SHGetDesktopFolder函数获取桌面文件夹的IShellFolder接口，然后使用IShellFolder的CreateViewObject方法获取桌面文件夹的IFolderView2接口。接下来，使用IFolderView2的ItemCount方法获取列表视图中的项数量，然后使用一个循环遍历每一项。在循环中，使用IFolderView2的GetItemObject方法获取每一项的IShellItem对象，然后使用SHCreateShellItemArray和IShellItemArray的IndexOf方法获取该项在列表视图中的位置索引。最后，释放所有的COM接口和资源。

请注意，这只是一个示例代码，