定义于头文件
template< class Key, | (1) | (C++11 起) |
namespace pmr { template | (2) | (C++17 起) |
unordered_map 是关联容器,含有带唯一键的键-值 pair 。搜索、插入和元素移除拥有平均常数时间复杂度。
元素在内部不以任何特定顺序排序,而是组织进桶中。元素放进哪个桶完全依赖于其键的哈希。这允许对单独元素的快速访问,因为一旦计算哈希,则它准确指代元素所放进的桶。
std::unordered_map::begin(size_type),
std::unordered_map::cbegin(size_type)
local_iterator begin( size_type n ); | (C++11 起) | |
const_local_iterator begin( size_type n ) const; | (C++11 起) | |
const_local_iterator cbegin( size_type n ) const; | (C++11 起) |
返回指向下标为 n
的桶首元素的迭代器。
n | - | 要访问的桶的下标 |
指向首元素的迭代器。
常数。
std::unordered_map::end(size_type),
std::unordered_map::cend(size_type)
local_iterator end( size_type n ); | (C++11 起) | |
const_local_iterator end( size_type n ) const; | (C++11 起) | |
const_local_iterator cend( size_type n ) const; | (C++11 起) |
返回后随下标为 n
的桶的最后元素的元素的迭代器。此元素表现为占位符,试图访问它会导致未定义行为。
n | - | 要访问的桶的下标 |
指向后随最后元素的元素的迭代器。
常数
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include using namespace std;struct Cell
{int x;int y;Cell() = default;Cell(int a, int b): x(a), y(b) {}Cell &operator +=(const Cell &cell){x += cell.x;y += cell.y;return *this;}Cell &operator +(const Cell &cell){x += cell.x;y += cell.y;return *this;}Cell &operator *(const Cell &cell){x *= cell.x;y *= cell.y;return *this;}Cell &operator ++(){x += 1;y += 1;return *this;}bool operator <(const Cell &cell) const{if (x == cell.x){return y < cell.y;}else{return x < cell.x;}}bool operator >(const Cell &cell) const{if (x == cell.x){return y > cell.y;}else{return x > cell.x;}}bool operator ==(const Cell &cell) const{return x == cell.x && y == cell.y;}
};struct myCompare
{bool operator()(const int &a, const int &b){return a < b;}
};std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Cell &cell)
{os << "{" << cell.x << "," << cell.y << "}";return os;
}std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::pair &pCell)
{os << pCell.first << "-" << pCell.second;return os;
}struct CHash
{size_t operator()(const Cell& cell) const{size_t thash = std::hash()(cell.x) | std::hash()(cell.y);
// std::cout << "CHash: " << thash << std::endl;return thash;}
};struct CEqual
{bool operator()(const Cell &a, const Cell &b) const{return a.x == b.x && a.y == b.y;}
};int main()
{std::cout << std::boolalpha;std::mt19937 g{std::random_device{}()};srand((unsigned)time(NULL));auto generate = [](){int n = std::rand() % 10 + 110;Cell cell{n, n};return std::pair(cell, std::to_string(n));};std::unordered_map unordered_map1;//6) 插入来自 initializer_list ilist 的元素。若范围中的多个元素拥有比较等价的关键,则插入哪个元素是未指定的while (unordered_map1.size() < 5){unordered_map1.insert({generate()});}std::cout << "unordered_map1: ";std::copy(unordered_map1.begin(), unordered_map1.end(),std::ostream_iterator>(std::cout, " "));std::cout << std::endl;std::cout << std::endl;for (std::unordered_map::const_iterator cit =unordered_map1.cbegin(); cit != unordered_map1.end(); cit++){//返回关键 key 的桶的下标。始终会在此桶中找到关键等于 key 的元素(若存在)。//返回值仅对 bucket_count() 返回相同值的容器实例合法。size_t bucket = unordered_map1.bucket(cit->first);std::cout << "unordered_map1 bucket(" << cit->first << ") : "<< bucket << " ";//返回指向下标为 n 的桶首元素的迭代器。std::unordered_map::const_local_iterator clit= unordered_map1.begin(bucket);std::cout << "const_local_iterator begin(" << bucket << "): " << *clit << std::endl;}std::cout << std::endl;for (std::unordered_map::const_iterator cit =unordered_map1.cbegin(); cit != unordered_map1.end(); cit++){//返回关键 key 的桶的下标。始终会在此桶中找到关键等于 key 的元素(若存在)。//返回值仅对 bucket_count() 返回相同值的容器实例合法。size_t bucket = unordered_map1.bucket(cit->first);std::cout << "unordered_map1 bucket(" << cit->first << ") : "<< bucket << " ";//返回指向下标为 n 的桶首元素的迭代器。std::unordered_map::local_iterator clit =unordered_map1.begin(bucket);std::cout << "local_iterator begin(" << bucket << "): " << *clit << std::endl;}std::cout << std::endl;for (std::unordered_map::const_iterator cit =unordered_map1.cbegin(); cit != unordered_map1.end(); cit++){//返回关键 key 的桶的下标。始终会在此桶中找到关键等于 key 的元素(若存在)。//返回值仅对 bucket_count() 返回相同值的容器实例合法。size_t bucket = unordered_map1.bucket(cit->first);std::cout << "unordered_map1 bucket(" << cit->first << ") : "<< bucket << " ";//返回指向下标为 n 的桶首元素的迭代器。std::unordered_map::const_local_iterator clit =unordered_map1.cbegin(bucket);std::cout << "const_local_iterator cbegin(" << bucket << "): " << *clit << std::endl;}return 0;
} | | | | | | | | |
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