在安装APK包之前，首先要检查设备是否具备足够的空间和权限，如果一切正常，则可以调用PackageManager的installPackage方法。如果在执行安装过程时出现问题，则可以使用BroadcastReceiver来捕捉INSTALL_FAILED_错误，从而进行进一步的处理。相关代码示例如下：

检查空间和权限：

if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
   if (getPackageManager().canRequestPackageInstalls()) {
      File apkFile = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/Download/app.apk");
         if (apkFile.exists()) {
            long apkSize = apkFile.length();
               if (Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getFreeSpace() >= apkSize) {
                  // do installation
                  } else {
                        // show error message, not enough space
                  }
                } else {
                    // show error message, apk not found
            }
         } else {
            // show error message, permission denied
      }
} else {
   // show error message, external storage not available
}

使用BroadcastReceiver捕捉安装结果：

private BroadcastReceiver mInstallResultReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
   @Override
   public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
      String action = intent.getAction();
         if (action.equals(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED)) {
            // installation success
         } else if (action.equals(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED)) {
            // uninstallation success
         } else if (action.equals(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_CHANGED)) {
            // update success
         } else if (action.equals(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_INSTALL)) {
             int result = intent.getIntExtra(Intent.EXTRA_INSTALL_RESULT, -1);
                  if (result == PackageManager.INSTALL_SUCCEEDED) {
                        // installation success
                  } else {
                        // installation failed
                  }
         }
   }
};

需要在代码中注册和反注册BroadcastReceiver：

registerReceiver(mInstallResultReceiver, new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_INSTALL));

unregisterReceiver(mInstallResultReceiver);