使用手动注册模式代替自动注册模式。以下是示例代码：

import org.springframework.kafka.core.KafkaAdmin;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.KafkaTemplate;
import org.springframework.kafka.support.serializer.JsonSerializer;
import org.springframework.kafka.support.serializer.JsonDeserializer;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.admin.NewTopic;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.EnableKafka;

@Configuration
@EnableKafka
public class KafkaConfig {

    private static final String TOPIC_NAME = "example.topic";

    @Bean
    public KafkaAdmin kafkaAdmin() {
        Map configs = new HashMap<>();
        configs.put(AdminClientConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
        return new KafkaAdmin(configs);
    }

    @Bean
    public NewTopic topic() {
        return new NewTopic(TOPIC_NAME, 1, (short) 1);
    }

    @Bean
    public KafkaTemplate kafkaTemplate() {
        Map properties = new HashMap<>();
        properties.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
        properties.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class);
        properties.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, JsonSerializer.class);
        return new KafkaTemplate<>(new DefaultKafkaProducerFactory<>(properties));
    }

    @Bean
    public ConsumerFactory consumerFactory() {
        Map props = new HashMap<>();
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, "test-group");
        return new DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory<>(props, new StringDeserializer(), new JsonDeserializer<>(Object.class));
    }

}

在此示例中，我们通过手动配置bean来注册主题，并使用相应的序列化程序和消费者工厂。这允许我们更好地掌控模式注册。